A shortened version of a 16th century lute duet by Italian composer Alfonso Ferrabosco. One instrument plays the main theme while the other plays variations over the top.
Composed by Jimmy Page of Led Zeppelin in 1970, though it didn’t surface until the Physical Graffiti album in 1975. A bit of echo added but the jingly sound is mostly due to the C-A-C-G-C-E tuning.
Based on the original by Memphis Minnie and Kansas Joe McCoy about the Mississippi flood of 1927. Led Zeppelin did a different, punchier version on their fourth album. In open A tuning (D-G-D-G-B-D with capo on second fret), played on a cheap ¾ classical guitar.
A free-form lute piece by another 16th century Italian, Francesco Canova da Milano.
From the Fairport Convention album What We Did On Our Holidays, without vocals.
A blues in A from the 1940s by one of three Willie Browns. Done with two guitar tracks. As here, often done without the singin’, man.
Anonymous, from the 16th century. As the pavin (pavan or pavane) and galliard were dances in different timings, the title seems odd but means the galliard following the quadro pavane.
From the Beatles’ White Album. Paul McCartney wanted to emulate a Bach lute piece using counterpoint. It’s an anti-racist song (here without vocals) and not about a weird blackbird.
Another anonymous 16th century lute piece, or rather two pieces from separate sources fused into one. The passamezzo, or half-step, was a musical form with a set chord pattern.
By Big Bill Broonzy, from the 1950s. On ¾ guitar.
By English Renaissance composer John Dowland. Apparently named after Francis, Duke of Anjou, who Elizabeth I called her frog (some think because he leapt around while dancing, others because he had a pock-marked face. Or maybe both). It was also an accompaniment to a song.
Another Jimmy Page number, in D-A-D-G-A-D tuning (though actually a semitone lower), from the first Led Zeppelin album of 1969. Derived from Bert Jansch’s Black Waterside, which in turn was based on an Irish folk tune. Which in turn was no doubt based on something else. Maybe even a lute piece.
From the 1973 Led Zeppelin album Houses of the Holy. In D-G-C-G-C-D tuning. The original is longer and has vocals. Folk and electric guitars.
Taking liberties with Renaissance composer William Byrd's pavane.
The Renaissance lute was tuned higher than a modern guitar. The tuning of the strings relative to one another is the same except that the third string is a semitone lower. To tune a guitar like a lute, turn the third string down from G to F#, then place a capo on the third fret, giving (from low to high) G-C-F-A-D-G. Lute tuning makes 16th century tablature easier to read and makes playing in the keys favoured by Renaissance lutenists easier.